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Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, also known as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory, posits that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from different sets of factors. Motivator factors (e.g., achievement, recognition, growth) lead to positive satisfaction, while hygiene factors (e.g., salary, working conditions, company policy) prevent dissatisfaction but do not necessarily create satisfaction. This theory highlights the importance for managers to address both sets of factors to ensure a motivated and content workforce.